I mundeburdi degli Ottoni per monasteri regi dalla Lombardia al Monte Amiata: concetti e funzionamenti
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The mundiburdium was a strictly personal privilege, bestowing on the protected person the right to access to the royal court. At its core lay the idea of royal protection and the image of the royal shield, under which the protected person would have found defence. Even though personal, this privilege actually worked as a tool for assuring the integrity of land assets. The use of mundiburdium increased in the Ottonian Age, particularly in the relationships between kings and royal monasteries. This reflected a shift in the institutional dynamics of the Kingdom of Italy. Once the royal administration waned during the post-Carolingian period, the monasteries lost their strong interest in the exercise of public rights and in immunitas from royal functionaries. At that time, the ancient abbeys with a scattered and widespread estates wished the safe-keeping of their whole land holdings (St. Salvatore on Monte Amiata) or of some very specific strategic assets (St. Ambrose in Milan). Thus, they asked for mundiburdium because it was the most suitable tool to neutralise every kind of seigneurial muggers. The immunitas was still required only by the urban monasteries that replaced a weak cathedral church in the exercise of public powers in the city (such as the royal monasteries in Pavia). The mundiburdium was a very useful tool for the Ottonians too. Indeed, personal links of protection and co-management of monastic estates let the Saxon kings to compensate for dim administrative structures in building the kingdom, in terms of Herrschaftsverband and not of State.
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